Integrated GPR analysis and numerical modelling for discovering archaeological mysteries at Kom Ombo temple

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Abstract

Archaeological research is made accurate and detailed by non-invasive geophysical techniques. Hence, the thorough utilisation of GPR data sets alongside numerical modelling is imperative for reducing uncertainty surrounding archaeological sites. This study aims to assess the practicality and efficacy of GPR numerical modelling in analysing concealed archaeological elements within the renowned Kom Ombo temple in southern Egypt. Using 80 MHz and 270 MHz antennas to detect any buried structures on the temple grounds. From the processed 2D GPR sections, two distinct anomalies (deep and shallow) were identified, possibly indicating hidden archaeological structures. Given the likelihood of these features possessing complex geometries, four synthetic models were devised, maintaining consistent electrical properties while varying in buried body geometry, to evaluate the GPR response. Convolution perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing media was designed to absorb waves within the modelling grid, alongside a transverse magnetic (TM) mode formulation, were utilised. The findings suggest that the deep anomaly could potentially represent a tunnel or significant geological formation, while the shallow anomaly may correspond to an extension of the Turkish fort. Overall, numerical modelling emerges as an enhanced mapping tool for uncovering hidden archaeological features in areas worldwide where excavation via traditional methods is not feasible.

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NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics
Volume 13, Issue 1
December 2024
Pages 106-117

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